Another example would be to adjust the motor speed of a reel-to-reel tape recorder. For instance, we could change the sample rate of a digital audio workstation from the sample rate the audio was recorded in. This can be done by playing an audio file at a different speed than it was recorded. This pitch-shifting is a by-product of time-shifting and is often referred to as “pitch controlling”. The easiest way to achieve pitch-shifting is by speeding up or slowing down audio. While pitch alterations are obviously possible on tuned instruments, pitch-shifting is a purely electrical occurrence where an audio signal is manipulated to sound higher or lower in pitch. I've written about the relationship between pitch and frequency in my article Fundamental Frequencies Of Musical Notes In A=432 & A=440 Hz if you'd like to check that out. In western music, the two most common tuning systems are 12-tone equal temperament with A 4 = 440 Hz or A 4 = 432 Hz The exact note value of a given pitch (with its fundamental frequency) is largely determined by the tuning system used. That being said, all these sounds have frequencies within the audible spectrum. Noise also has no pitch, generally speaking. Percussive instruments like cymbals and drums can be “tuned” but typically lack a distinct musical pitch. Note that pitch is truly only applicable to tuned instruments. A note with a lower fundamental frequency will be lower in pitch. The fundamental frequency (the lowest frequency of a note being played by a tuned instrument) is generally the most linked to musical pitch.Ī note with a higher fundamental frequency will be higher in pitch. Musical pitch and notation are related to frequency, though not entirely linked. This auditory sensation allows us to relate the positions of different notes within the context of a musical melody. Musical pitch is a perceptual property of sound that allows listeners to qualify different sounds as being higher or lower in terms of musical notation. This discrepancy is worth noting before we begin. The electronics (whether analog or digital) found in pitch-shifting pedals, however, act objectively. The first thing to point out is that pitch is a subjective/perceptual property of sound (that translates into audio).
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